Product of hydrogenation.



ed therein may tars, asphaltic oils,

UNITED STATES CABL E'ION ELLIS, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

rnonncr or HYDROGENATION.

' REISSUED Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 15, 1917.

No Drawing. Original application filed March 29, 1912, Serial No. 686,988. Divided and. this application filed February 9, 1917. Serial No. 147,554.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, OARLETON ELLIs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invcntedcertain'new and useful Improvements in Products of Hydrogenation, of which the following is a specification.

The present application is a division of my allowed application 686,988 filed March 29, 1912 (now Patent 1,217,118, Feb. 20, 1917 Th e subject matter of the present application constitutes the initial product of the process described and claimed in said application, namely colloidal metal catalysts in the hydrogenated product. In said prior application I have described and claimed a process in which an organic material containing unsaturated bodies is treated with hydrogen in 'the presence of a colloidal metal catalyst. The organic material treatbe fatty oils, such as cotton seed, rape, oleic acid, including the commercial forms such as red oil, elaine oil, distilled fatty acids, recovered oils of textile mills, oils containing linoleic or linolenic acids or their esters, or fish oil, castor oil, peanut oil, mustard oil, corn oil, soya oil and other fatty oils such as solid fats containing unsaturated bodies such as palm oil and various other oily and fatty, materials; also various other organic materials such as waxes, including beeswax, carnauba wax,

. Japan wax, Montan wax and materials contaimng waxes such as wool grease, also resins, for exampleordinary I'OSlIl, dammar, sandarac, mastic, shellac, elemi, thus, copal, Pontianak; also naphthalene, acid pitches, malthas, rubber; also such volatile solvents as Wood tar oils, Wood turpentine, rosin spirits and hydrocarbon oils containing unsaturated ingredients such as petroleum distillates containing olefins and in fact almost any organic materials containing products capable of uniting with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The

colloidal catalyst employed may consist of any of the metals: nickel, iron and cobalt, in a colloidal form, although in some cases compounds of the metals the oxids, carbids or sillicids thereof may be employed, or mixtures of such catalytic materials, and in some cases mixtures of such materials with colloidal silica.

such as mentioned such as I makeno claim herein, to noble metals,

platinum, palladium and the cost of which prohibits their use for many of the hydrogenation processes. I include themetals per 86, in the generic expresslon non-noble metal catalyst whereas the expression colloidal non-noble metalcontaining catalyst includes also the compounds of the metals'as above noted, in colloidal condition, as well as the colloidal metals per 86.

The colloidal catalyst may be made by heating, for example in a current of hydrogen or other reducing gas, a fatty or similar material containing a decomposable metalloorganic body, such as nickel oleate,.whereby such oleate is decomposed or reduced, and colloidal nickel produced. Thus, as in the parent case above referred to, I can cause a current of oil, carrying the dissolved nickel oleate, or other like material, to come into contact with a counter-flowing current of hydrogen or Water gas, whereby first the nickel oleate is decomposed, and the nickel catalyst set free in a colloidal state, and the oil is hardened in the presence of this catalyst. The production at the catalyst is not claimed herein, but in my copending cases 817,041, February 6, 1914; 50,462, filed September 13, 1915; 76,957 filed February 8, 1916; 89,093, filed April 5, 1915 and- 133,252, filed November 24, 1916.

The hydrogenation of the organic materials may be carried out by bubbling the hydrogen through a stationary or moving mass of the liquid organic material at such temperatures as the said material is liquid, and in some instances the material may be rendered liquid by the use of organic solvent-s. The pressure employed in the process may be from 10 to 25 pounds above atmospheric, and the temperature may be slightly above that at which metallo-organic bodies such as the soaps of the above mentioned fatty materials with the catalytic metals would be decomposed. In the said prior application I have particularly claimed the passage of the organic material downwardly through a filled tower, in which it is brought into contact with a counter current of hydrogen or gas containing hydrogen, such as uncarbureted water as.

In the treatment 0 such'organic materials with hydrogen, in the presence of a colloidal metal catalyst or other colloidal catalyst as the like,

, scribed herein, are not to a point at which the organicmaterial Will refuse to take up further quantities of hydrogen, this in the case of the liquid fatty oils above mentioned, producing a fully saturated hard fat, or theprocess may be stopped after only a small proportion of the quantity of hydrogen capable of being affected, has been so taken up, and the term suspension as employed herein is intended to cover mixtures of the catalyst with either such solid or liquid or semi-solid hydrogenatcd products, and is not intended to be restricted to those cases in which the medium is a liquid.

The processes of hydrogenation as declaimed herein, but

in my copending case, 118,7 50, filed September e, 1916.

The colloidal catalyst may be concentrated in the product, by separating a portion of the hydrogenated product from a mixture of another portion of the hydrogenated product-and colloidal catalyst, such a material being suitable for addition to further quantities of organic material containing unsaturated products, for use in hydrogenation.

What I claim is:

1. As a new product, a suspension of a colloidal non-noble metal catalyst in a hydrogenated organic material.

2. Colloidal nickel suspended in hydrogenated fatty material.

- 3. A colloidal non-noblemetal-containing catalyst suspended in a hydrogenated organic material, and suitable for use as a catalyst in hydrogenation processes.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

GARLETON ELLIS. 

